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There is an estimated 1/3 to 1/2 of the planet’s land surface that has been transformed by human development. This development has long-term effects on the planet. For example, it effects rainfall patterns which leads to climate change. These changes enhance rain in one area and reduces rain in another. Deforestation could potentially increase the temperature in the Amazon basin, but no detectable impact on the global water cycle.
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Deforestation of Amazonia was found to severly reduce rainfall in the Gulf of Mexico, Texas, and northern Mexico during spring and summer when rainfall is crucial for agriculture. In central Africa has a similar effect, meaning significant decrease in precipitation in the lower U.S. Midwest during the spring and summer, and effects the upper part in the winter and spring. In Southeast Asia, deforestation alters rainfall in China and Balkan Peninsula most significantly.
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When tropical forests are eliminated whether it be in Amazonia, Central Afria, or Southeast Asia, this enhances rainfall in the southern tip of the Arabian Peninsula. Combined effect of deforestation in all three regions shifts the greatest precipitation decline in the U.S. to California during the winter season and further increases the rainfall in the southern tip of the Arabian Peninsula.
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Deforestation doesn’t really modify the global precipitation average but it changed the patterns and distributions by affecting the amount of both sensible heat and that released into the atmosphere when water vapor condenses, called latent heat. Changes in air pressure distribution shift the typical global circulation patterns, sending storm systems off their typical paths. Droughts and severe storms can be caused for the rest of the world because of the Amazon’s location and any sort of weather difference in the area could cause this.
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Mature forests store major amounts of carbon. When forests are burnt and logged the carbon is then released into the atmosphere. This increases the amount of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases and is accelerating the rate of climate change. So much carbon is realeased that nearly 1/5 of global man-made emissions, which is more than the world’s entire transport sector.
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